During an ESL class, we want as much active learning time as possible! Repeating vocabulary with flashcards, role plays to practice a new theme, communicative information gaps, all of these activities and many more are what make up the meat and potatoes of our class time.
But did you know that students can still learn even when they aren’t actively engaged with the teacher? Everyday moments in the classroom that aren’t part of “active teaching” can be effective at helping your young learners gain more contact with speaking and understanding English.
Think about these moments when the class is not engaged with the teacher:
- Before the class begins, particularly in class situations where the students or teacher change classrooms and have to prepare for the lesson
- If the teacher needs to work one-on-one with a student who has a particular difficulty and the other students are engaged in completing an activity
- When students are completing a cut-out, a coloring activity, a self-test at the end of a chapter, or a worksheet on their own for practice (5 year olds already do all of these alone in Spain.)
- If an emergency occurs and the teacher must leave the classroom momentarily to get help or to help another teacher or student
- When the class is wrapping up
While these aren’t ideal situations, they occur everyday in the classroom, and they take away time from the student’s direct engagement with the teacher. But by using passive teaching techniques, we can keep the students involved with the target language!
These passive moments don’t mean that students have to lose contact with the target language! Image Copyright The Guardian
A passive learning technique is any tool that the teacher uses to expose the students to English when he or she is not directly in front of them, commanding the attention of the class and interacting directly with the class.
Let’s take the example above, when students are waiting for the class to begin. In our school, teacher must switch classrooms every hour (and every 45 minutes in the afternoon) beginning in first grade of primary, and the students must sit for about 5 minutes while the teacher moves and prepares for the next class. Well, it doesn’t take much (a forgotten book, a crying child, a bathroom emergency) for those 5 minutes to turn into 10 minutes, and then you’ve lost a portion of your time to expose students to English. What passive learning techniques can we use to avoid that loss?
One of my favorite passive learning techniques is the mini-teacher system. The mini-teacher is responsible for controlling the behavior of the students while the teacher is absent from the class. The mini-teachers are chosen randomly each week, and if a student needs to say something while the teacher is away, he or she must raise his/her hand until the mini-teacher says that s/he can speak. This interaction should be done in English (and the questions that they ask are part of everyday English vocabulary: “Can I go to the toilet?” “May I drink water?” “What class is next?”, etc). If you begin this tradition at the start of the year, by the end of the year, you will walk into well-controlled classrooms that are already getting into the “English mode.”
Have each student decorate their hand print at the beginning of the year, put a bit of velcro on the back, and shuffle them in a box to “pick” the mini-teacher fairly each week. Display their handprint in the classroom so that everyone knows who is the mini teacher! Image Copyright theneighborhoodmoms.com
Another one of my favorite passive learning techniques is the calendar. The calendar manager is also chosen each week and is responsible for updating the calendar at the beginning of each English class. If you invest in an awesome calendar like the following, your calendar manager can do lots of activities that the class – after a week or two of practice – will be able to complete quickly and in English:
Picture Copyright learningenglish-esl.blogspot.com I have seen similar calendars in English and French at Dideco in Spain!
What can your calendar manager do each day?
- Days of the week – The calendar manager leads the classroom in a choral recitation of the days of the week and then puts the proper day on the calendar.
- You can expand on this by asking “What day was yesterday?” and “What day will tomorrow be?” when students get used to this step!
- Months of the year – The same as Days of the week, but with months of the year
- What’s the weather like today? – The calendar manager asks “What’s the weather like?” and students raise their hands to answer. The calendar manager chooses a volunteer and puts up the proper picture on the calendar
- What year is it? – It seems overly simple, but this really helps students get used to how we say the years in English!
- Is today a special day? – This gives students the opportunity to tell the class something important about their lives, like “It’s my birthday!”, “It’s Halloween!”, or “I have a new baby sister!” There’s nothing that primary students love more than to talk about their own lives, so you might have to cut off this activity!
Another great passive learning technique is using background music in the classroom. We are huge fans of using multimedia in the classroom, and this is a great way for students to sing along to familiar and new songs when they are engaged in individual activities, like coloring, cut-outs, tidying up, etc. You can bring a USB with great songs ready to go and put it on when students are working individually, or if you need to give special attention to one or two students for a few moments.
And lastly, for those moments when the lesson is finishing up and it’s time to go home, try singing a song as a class during those last few moments. This will also help with your classroom routine, sending the signal to students that it’s time for the class to end. I love this one by The Learning Station:
If you have more than a few moments (say, 10 minutes), but you don’t want to start the next lesson and are allowing the students free play time, try to encourage them to play in English. You can do this by:
- providing puzzles or play dough (plasticine) and ask them to make something that you’ve spoken about in the lesson and show their friends
- keeping an English library in the classroom where students can look at or read books in English
- letting students play with a selection of English board games. I love the Orchard Toys games in English for primary students, but they love them more!
Orchard Toys games are awesome! They’re available at Dideco – with a 20% teacher’s discount! – in Spain.
So the next time that you are thinking about “wasted” class time, think of a passive learning technique that will expose students to English for those moments when they aren’t actively involved in a lesson. What passive learning techniques work well for you? Share them with us in a comment!
ESL Lesson Plans 