Beautiful ESL Christmas Activities to Display

It’s that time of year! We are rehearsing “Jingle Bells,” we are juggling exams and grading, and we are trying to teach our students a bit about our English-speaking cultural holiday traditions! At our school, we focus on Christmas, although many of our activities have a general winter theme so that we don’t interfer with anyone’s cultural or religious followings.

Today we’re sharing our three new activities for this year!

1. Very young ESL learners and The Christmas Tree

One of the first things that we teach students when studying about Christmas is the tradition of a Christmas tree. This can tie in nicely with their science courses (the parts of a tree; deciduous vs evergreen; trees around the world; etc.) and the vocabulary is easy enough.

We use the Christmas carol O Christmas Tree as a sing-a-long in the class. Then, each student gets to decorate an ornament (which we found on Google Images and pasted to card to make them sturdy) and hang it on our big primary tree.

Copyright lessonplansesl.wordpress.com

Copyright lessonplansesl.wordpress.com

Finally, help them read the lyrics to O Christmas Tree that you’ve printed out on a piece of paper. Add a color-by-number Christmas tree to half of the paper and fast finishers can color another beautiful decoration!

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2. Dextrous ESL learners and The Recycled Snowman

This activity is great paired with a cute story about a snowman or playing in the snow. We found three appropriate stories in English in the youth section of our local library, and Amazon.com and Abebooks.com has lots of possibilities! (Don’t forget that you can download lots of ebook options if you have a projector in your class!)

Then we make a little snowman out of a recycled toilet paper roll (ah, the neverending craft supply box!) and a recycled sock. Googly eyes and white stickers that can be painted as buttons and then stuck on quickly help this activity to run smoothly. This requires a bit of preparation, but this website walks you through it. These are super adorable but not for tiny fingers!

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Copyright lessonplansesl.wordpress.com

3. Late Primary Students and The Snowflake Wonderland

Moving away from the traditional themes of Christmas and more towards the theme of winter wonderland, this activity allows us to talk about the science behind snowflakes. Why do snowflakes form (lesson on solids, liquids and gases)? How many sides do snowflakes have (lesson on geometry and symmetry)? Where can we see snowflakes (general winter vocabulary lesson)? Have you seen any films with snowflakes (our students are going crazy – in a good way – when they sing “Let it Go” from the film Frozen and then gap fill the lyrics)?

As a craft, they can make their own paper snowflakes and create a winter wonderland in a room or corridor. This website teaches you how to make them (depending on the age, your students might need a bit of help with the last step before cutting).

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Copyright lessonplansesl.wordpress.com

All of these activities will please parents and other teachers, decorate your learning space (think less bulletin board duties for you!), and give your students a great use for their pre-holidays energy.

What’s your favorite Christmas activity? Share it with us in a comment! And have a happy holiday season!

Rewarding Good Behavior (aka Trying to Avoid Bad Behavior)

We’ve all been there: you have such an amazing lesson that you’ve worked on during your entire weekend, you get to class on Monday morning ready to make your students have so much fun that they forget they’re learning, and then one student decides to act up and throws the class behavior out of whack. Ok, for some of us, this sounds like everyday in the classroom!

Young learners are particularly vulnerable to bad behaviors because they are still “learning the rules” of the learning environment. Not only are you teaching them English, but you are also teaching them how to behave in a classroom setting.

There are several types of negative behaviors that young learners often exhibit. One of them is not paying attention to the teacher or listening to his or her instructions. This is often the most difficult one for the teacher, because we feel it is a personal affront to our authority. Perhaps another student prefers to play with and/or distract his or her neighbor instead of looking at the teacher. Yet others will cry non-stop in the classroom, because they miss mommy and daddy, because they didn’t win at an activity, because they are still adjusting to school, because they don’t feel well, because… you get the picture.

The first and most important technique for dealing with negative behavior is to not let it affect you personally. Try not to let these behaviors raise your blood pressure, produce anxiety, or make you angry. (Yes, we all realize that this is easier said than done.) Try to remain cool and calm.

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One of my personal zen moments always happens when I go to a shopping center here in Madrid. Seeing children running, playing, acting insane despite their parents’ desperate please… it all makes me realize that kids are kids, and their favorite “This is boring” statement is not a personal affront to my (ahem, awesome) lesson plan.

Now that we’re all cool as a cucumber, how can we discourage negative classroom behavior? One trick to try is to refrain from punishing negative behaviors, and rather reward positive behaviors.

Here’s how you can reward positive behaviors with young learners.

For very young learners (1-3 years old), you reward by allowing them to participate in really fun activities! Keep their interest in what you are doing and make them participate vocally in order to join in the activity. For example, if you are teaching your students how to wait in the classroom, try using maracas. Make each student ask for a maraca (“A maraca, please” or “Yes, please”) before they can join in on the shaking fun! Then yell STOP! and place your maraca in front of you. Wait for everyone to do the same. Once they all have the maracas in front of them, count 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 and then pick up your maraca and shake to your heart’s content! Repeat the stop and counting several times. This will teach them in a fun way that they should wait their turn, wait for the teacher, and stop and pay attention when the teacher gives the keyword stop. Give a reward to the ones who demonstrate good behavior consistently (a sticker for the first student to stop, etc.).

For students ages 3-5, you can start working on reward systems in order to encourage good behaviors and discourage bad behaviors. One great way to do this is to reward on the spot for good behaviors. Little Marcos is sitting properly in his chair? Say “An applause for Marcos! You’re sitting properly!” and wait five seconds until everyone else catches on and sits properly. Other great ways to reward this age group is with a favorite song (“Wow, you’re all sitting properly! Good job! I’m very happy! Let’s sing…”) or short game. If you have one student who is really messing things up, leave them out of the activity (“Sorry Sergio, but you have to sit properly if you want to play the game.”) The idea is to show them that good behaviors lead to fun!

For students 5-8, one of my favorite good behavior techniques is the No Monkey Business! Poster. 

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At the end of every class, students get to put a sticker on the monkey if they have had good behavior collectively! I laminate copies of this poster for each class. When they get a certain number of stickers (10, 20, whatever you decide) then the class gets a prize! This can be a physical prize – like a new pencil, a rubber, or a piece of candy, if it’s allowed – or a chance to play a special game that they love! You can always use “the Monkey” to quell negative behavior as soon as it pops up (“If you continue, there will be no sticker for the Monkey”). 

I laminate the poster because, if the behavior is truly hideous, I will take a sticker away and make a big deal out of it.

By trying to encourage positive behaviors with rewards and fun activities, you automatically discourage negative behaviors without punishment. Although avoiding punishment forever is unrealistic in a learning environment, if you try to encourage good behavior first, you will find that you are punishing much less!

What is your favorite positive behavior reinforcement technique? Leave us a comment!

Nine Favorite Teaching Supplies for Hundreds of Classroom Activities

Gearing up for a new school year often means lots and lots of lesson planning, professional development courses and shopping for teaching supplies. In the US, many schools started last week or this week, but in Spain, August equals vacation, and schools won’t begin until at least September 1.

Of course, that means that teachers are already thinking about the next school year! Today, we thought that we’d share nine of our favorite new teaching supplies for young learners and a few activities that you can do with them! They are our favorites because they so versatile that you can get hundreds of activities out of these 9 toys.

Nine of our favorite new teaching supplies for 2014-2015!

Let’s start with a description of each product from left to right (top to bottom), where you can buy it, and prices:

1. Ikea Lekkamrat Toy Bath Set – We found these on clearance at Ikea for 3.99€ per set. 
2. Magnetic Capital Letters – This set of 48 letters was purchased at Dideco for 5.52€ (including teacher’s discount of 20%. See details here.)
3. Ikea Titta Djur Finger Puppets – This set of 10 animal puppets was found at Ikea for 4.99€. I’ve used these with toddlers before, and they are amazingly durable!
4. Rainbow Mini Soft Plastic Animals – This tube of 8 rainbow animal puppets was purchased at Dideco for 8.21€ after teacher’s discount (about 1€ per animal).
5. Portable or Mountable 40x60cm Magnetic Whiteboard – Purchased at Dideco for the amazing price of 6.26€ after teacher’s discount. This is perfectly transportable for those of us who teach on the go! Also available in 60x90cm for about 12€.
6. Learning Resources Farmers Market Color Sorting Set – This amazing and versatile set of toys and buckets was purchased on Amazon.com for $22.99. This item will ship to Madrid, and though it’s one of more expensive investments of the year, it’s awesome!
7. Julia Doll – This 23cm tall little blonde was found at Dideco for 12.60€ after teacher’s discount.
8. Animal Sponges for Painting – Also from Dideco, this set of 10 sponges was a steal for 4.87€. They also have modes of transportation and other common objects!
9. Fabler Björn Teddy Bear – At the steal price of 0.99€ per teddy, our budget stretched to allow each of our seven very young learners (2-3 year old class level) to have their own “baby” for class activities. They fit into Ikea’s small Kassett boxes (2/2.99€), which means that they can be a surprise for every class!

Now what can we do with these toys (ahem, teaching supplies) that make them amazing for ESL young learners?

For example, the Farmers Market Color Sorting Set has so many functions that it makes the steep price tag worth it. With very good reviews and made of quality materials, this set will last a long time with a bit of care. You can wipe down the fruits and baskets with baby wipes without worrying about the color running (like it would with other cheaper sets and wooden food sets). With your very young learners (2-3), you can:

• Count the number of each color fruit or veg that you see to practice numbers.
• Play the game the intended way and sort each piece by color. Hide the pieces around your learning environment, and this will be even more fun!
• Begin to introduce basic foods. The size of these pieces means that you can mime “eating” your favorite fruit or veggie and let children do the same (“Would you like an apple?” “Yes, please.” / “An apple, please.”)
• Introduce like and dislike with foods. The following really funny video is easy for very young learners to learn and understand, and you can use the foods included in this set to make up your own funny combinations!

• Set up a “play market,” where students can shop – with recycled ecological bags – for their own meals. You can give them fake money, but be careful of small plastic parts!
• Play toss and catch with a piece of fruit. The student that catches it must say the name in order to continue throwing. If they get it wrong, they go in the middle of the circle until another student makes a mistake!
• Use the fruit and veggies as realia to accompany learning songs, like this one:

As you can see, there are so many possibilities from one object!

For older young learners (5-7 years old), you can do even more activities because of their increased memory skills. For example, combine the fruits with the magnetic whiteboard and the magnetic letters, and give a student a piece of fruit or veg and let them spell it out for the class!

You can really maximize your minimal (or non-existent) teaching supplies budget by choosing products that have more than one use in the classroom.

Let’s take a look at one more of my favorite products: the Ikea Toy Bath Set. Very young learners are learning all about hygiene in their own homes, so this is a chance to capitalize on knowledge that they already have! With this one toy, you can:

• Pretend to bathe Julia, baby Teddy, or any other toy that you have in the classroom. Students with good behavior can bring in their favorite doll to get a bath! This allows you to review vocabulary related to the bath in the classroom, even the rubber ducky and shampoo! Let’s expand on that idea with a favorite song:

• You can emphasize that some dolls are big, big and others are babies by how they sit down, stand up, and lie down in the bath!
• You can practice washing body parts with a set of sponges. If you put Teddy and a bath sponge (very cheap investment at Dollar Stores or Bazaars) in a small box and give one to each student, they get a fun surprise inside the box and they can copy your example with a bigger doll in the bathtub. Let them wash (“wash, wash, wash hands, hands, hands”) hands, face, tummy, legs, arms, etc. This can go a long way when you are teaching basic face and body parts!
• You can practice wet and dry! Put a plastic bin inside the bathtub – the bathtub is not waterproof – and let students bathe the Rainbow Soft Plastic Mini Animals. Then dry them with a towel. Practice the words “wet, wet” and “dry, dry.”
• Read any children’s story about taking a bath (here are a few examples) and pretend that Teddy is afraid to take a bath. Help him over his fear and get him to enjoy the bath! Let your students follow your example.

As you can see, the trick to having a diverse and fun ESL class with young learners doesn’t depend on how many toys you have in your bag, but how many different ways you can incorporate familiar toys into the class routine. By keeping things fun and exciting, you and your students will love toys that they’ve seen countless times! 

Now it’s your turn: what activity would you do with one of the above toys? Leave us a comment!

Favorite Passive Teaching Techniques

During an ESL class, we want as much active learning time as possible! Repeating vocabulary with flashcards, role plays to practice a new theme, communicative information gaps, all of these activities and many more are what make up the meat and potatoes of our class time.

But did you know that students can still learn even when they aren’t actively engaged with the teacher? Everyday moments in the classroom that aren’t part of “active teaching” can be effective at helping your young learners gain more contact with speaking and understanding English.

Think about these moments when the class is not engaged with the teacher:

• Before the class begins, particularly in class situations where the students or teacher change classrooms and have to prepare for the lesson
• If the teacher needs to work one-on-one with a student who has a particular difficulty and the other students are engaged in completing an activity
• When students are completing a cut-out, a coloring activity, a self-test at the end of a chapter, or a worksheet on their own for practice (5 year olds already do all of these alone in Spain.)
• If an emergency occurs and the teacher must leave the classroom momentarily to get help or to help another teacher or student
• When the class is wrapping up

While these aren’t ideal situations, they occur everyday in the classroom, and they take away time from the student’s direct engagement with the teacher. But by using passive teaching techniques, we can keep the students involved with the target language!

These passive moments don’t mean that students have to lose contact with the target language! Image Copyright The Guardian

A passive learning technique is any tool that the teacher uses to expose the students to English when he or she is not directly in front of them, commanding the attention of the class and interacting directly with the class.

Let’s take the example above, when students are waiting for the class to begin. In our school, teacher must switch classrooms every hour (and every 45 minutes in the afternoon) beginning in first grade of primary, and the students must sit for about 5 minutes while the teacher moves and prepares for the next class. Well, it doesn’t take much (a forgotten book, a crying child, a bathroom emergency) for those 5 minutes to turn into 10 minutes, and then you’ve lost a portion of your time to expose students to English. What passive learning techniques can we use to avoid that loss?

One of my favorite passive learning techniques is the mini-teacher system. The mini-teacher is responsible for controlling the behavior of the students while the teacher is absent from the class. The mini-teachers are chosen randomly each week, and if a student needs to say something while the teacher is away, he or she must raise his/her hand until the mini-teacher says that s/he can speak. This interaction should be done in English (and the questions that they ask are part of everyday English vocabulary: “Can I go to the toilet?” “May I drink water?” “What class is next?”, etc). If you begin this tradition at the start of the year, by the end of the year, you will walk into well-controlled classrooms that are already getting into the “English mode.”

Have each student decorate their hand print at the beginning of the year, put a bit of velcro on the back, and shuffle them in a box to “pick” the mini-teacher fairly each week. Display their handprint in the classroom so that everyone knows who is the mini teacher! Image Copyright theneighborhoodmoms.com

Another one of my favorite passive learning techniques is the calendar. The calendar manager is also chosen each week and is responsible for updating the calendar at the beginning of each English class. If you invest in an awesome calendar like the following, your calendar manager can do lots of activities that the class – after a week or two of practice – will be able to complete quickly and in English:

Picture Copyright learningenglish-esl.blogspot.com I have seen similar calendars in English and French at Dideco in Spain!

What can your calendar manager do each day?

• Days of the week – The calendar manager leads the classroom in a choral recitation of the days of the week and then puts the proper day on the calendar.
  • You can expand on this by asking “What day was yesterday?” and “What day will tomorrow be?” when students get used to this step!
• Months of the year – The same as Days of the week, but with months of the year
• What’s the weather like today? – The calendar manager asks “What’s the weather like?” and students raise their hands to answer. The calendar manager chooses a volunteer and puts up the proper picture on the calendar
• What year is it? – It seems overly simple, but this really helps students get used to how we say the years in English!
• Is today a special day? – This gives students the opportunity to tell the class something important about their lives, like “It’s my birthday!”, “It’s Halloween!”, or “I have a new baby sister!” There’s nothing that primary students love more than to talk about their own lives, so you might have to cut off this activity!

Another great passive learning technique is using background music in the classroom. We are huge fans of using multimedia in the classroom, and this is a great way for students to sing along to familiar and new songs when they are engaged in individual activities, like coloring, cut-outs, tidying up, etc. You can bring a USB with great songs ready to go and put it on when students are working individually, or if you need to give special attention to one or two students for a few moments. 

And lastly, for those moments when the lesson is finishing up and it’s time to go home, try singing a song as a class during those last few moments. This will also help with your classroom routine, sending the signal to students that it’s time for the class to end. I love this one by The Learning Station:

If you have more than a few moments (say, 10 minutes), but you don’t want to start the next lesson and are allowing the students free play time, try to encourage them to play in English. You can do this by:

• providing puzzles or play dough (plasticine) and ask them to make something that you’ve spoken about in the lesson and show their friends
• keeping an English library in the classroom where students can look at or read books in English
• letting students play with a selection of English board games. I love the Orchard Toys games in English for primary students, but they love them more!

Orchard Toys games are awesome! They’re available at Dideco – with a 20% teacher’s discount! – in Spain.

So the next time that you are thinking about “wasted” class time, think of a passive learning technique that will expose students to English for those moments when they aren’t actively involved in a lesson. What passive learning techniques work well for you? Share them with us in a comment!

Going Bananas for Numbers!

If you’re looking for a way to spruce up your lessons on numbers 1-10, just go bananas!

It’s a great idea to incorporate different types of materials into each theme. For example, if you just practicing counting 1-10, both you and your students are going to get pretty bored, pretty quickly. But if you include a song, a story, a craft, a game or an activity where students get to move around, then they are going to learn the lesson in the context of the activity. They’ll be having so much fun that they won’t even realize that they’re learning, and you’ll be one happy teacher!

Here’s a great idea for a few ways to teach numbers 1-10 using the context of a banana…

Let’s start with a song. This song is great for very young learners, and you can expand on it for slightly older students (6-7) by asking what each group of bananas is doing:

Now let’s go for a game to reenforce the numbers that they have learned in the song. This game is great for small groups, but if you want to do it with a larger group, you just have to duplicate (or triplicate) the materials. I call this the “Banana Clothespins Game,” and it requires a little bit of preparation. You’ll need:

• 10 half-sheets of card or paper, each decorated with 1-10 bananas (you can draw the bananas or print them on a computer)
  • These will be your 1-10 banana flashcards!
• 55 clothespins (full-size clothespins work best for little fingers, but recycle them from home if you have them!)

Once you have your materials prepared, you’re ready to play!

Example of banana flashcards. Image Copyright Super Simple Learning.

• Begin by showing the students the 1 banana flashcard and put 2 clothespins on it. Ask if it’s correct and let them help you fix it. Repeat with another banana flashcard, first giving the incorrect number and letting the students help you. Then give them two correct examples.
• Now put all of the banana flashcards face-down and shuffle them. Deal them out evenly among students. Tell them that it’s a surprise and not to turn them over!
• Put the clothespins in the middle of the group.
• Explain the gameplay: Each student turns over his or her flashcards and puts the correct number of clothespins on the card. The first to finish all of his or her flashcards correctly wins (so you might want to make sure that you deal each student some high and low numbers to keep things fair).
• Children love this game, and it can be played several times to review the numbers!

Now that students have practiced the numbers, let’s tell them a story about a little banana who falls out of a tree and wants to return to his family! This story is called “Fruit Story: ESL numbers/colors/fruit.” It also incorporates other fruits as well as colors!

If you are lucky enough to have a big budget for your classroom, you can also invest in this awesome monkey counting game that can be played in small groups. It’s available on Amazon!

Now that we’ve talked gone bananas over numbers, let’s make a craft! What animal loves bananas more than anything else? Monkeys! Let your students make a monkey mask, helping them to cut out the eyes carefully. You’ll need a little yarn to tie on the mask.

Courtesy of craftjr.com

You can print off some bananas with this image and let each student “feed the monkeys.” Try to print 10-15 on one page so that you can give students different numbers to practice! This is a great way to review counting again, as you can ask how many bananas they are feeding each other. Let them show the rest of the group and then do it in pairs!

These activities will give you several fun classes to learn and review the numbers 1-10 with your young learners! Just don’t go bananas when you hear students ask again for the banana song!

 

Hooray for our first eBook: “The Little Book of ESL Ideas”

Today is a big day! After lots and lots of work, our first eBook is available for sale!

I started slowly writing an eBook when I realized that I had notes on a lot of different activities under several general (and very widely used) ESL topics. I wanted to produce a resource that would help new teachers get off to a great start with a ready-made list of class ideas and that would provide new inspiration for more experienced teachers!

The eBook includes over 35 activities and is great for both teachers in the classroom environment and those who give private classes. It’s divided into six topics (Numbers, Colors, Days of the Week, The Four Seasons, Basic Shapes and Family) and contains activities like songs, videos, stories, crafts, games and vocabulary ideas. The book is focused on students aged 2-10 but contains easily adaptable ideas for different ages! They have all been used in the ESL classroom environment and have had great results! We’ve included the most popular and fun activities so that students and teachers enjoy the class!

It also contains lots of great information readily available on the web all in one book. I include a lot of links to videos and songs that are already prepared, so that class prep time can be dramatically shortened! (Of course, copyright information is cited for each activity.)

The introductory material to the book focuses on teaching ESL classes in Madrid, Spain, but the activities can be used in any learning environment and in any country!

You can purchase “The Little Book of ESL Ideas” in our Etsy shop, ESLIdeas. The first 20 books will be offered at the introductory price of 5.95€ and are available for Instant Download! That means that, for less than the cost of a fast-food meal, you can have months of private class class ideas, all in one resource!

Here are a few previews from the book:

 

 

A New Twist for Old MacDonald

Old MacDonald is one of the most tried and true ways to introduce animals to ESL / EFL young learners. So what do you do when students say “I already know this song?”

How much fun would this be for young learners? Game available from bigjigstoys.co.uk

Here are a few ways that you can put a new twist on Old MacDonald.

First, I love this video by Super Simple Learning: Old McDonald by Super Simple Learning. This video is great because it introduces different animals and kids can sing along but it includes a new area of this age-old topic: what do the animals say?

Next, I love these flashcards to play simple games: ESL-kids.com Animals Flashcards. You can play “Guess the animal,” “Charades (again, the animal sounds from the previous song come in handy!),” “What color is the animal?,” etc. You can print them with or without words and choose your own images based on what you want to teach.

Finally, I love to let my young learners create their own farm. I use a blank farm template (like this one) and give them lots of little animals (like these or these). They love cutting, coloring, and gluing the animals in their own farms. Give them some special decorations like glitter glue or water colors and they will be entertained for hours!

Once your little ones master the MacDonald, you can expand their animal learning with other awesome activities!

One of my favorites is based on the song “Walking in the Jungle” by Super Simple Songs. Students love this song, especially if they mimic the motions of the children!

Then, grab a bunch of hand puppets (such as these, available on Amazon.com) and repeat the song with your own animals. Let your students decide if “they are afraid!”

What’s your favorite way to teach animals to young learners?

The importance of creating a routine with ESL young learners

My very first job working with young learners went something like this…

I was working on my dissertation, in full-research mode, when one of my friends and scholarship-cohorts asked if I wanted to double-up with her on an Art in English after-school class for two-year olds. Like most researchers, I was a bit strapped for cash, so I jumped on the 20-something euros per hour and said “Sure!”

Every Monday afternoon, I dreaded going to the little preschool, where 12 2-year olds would run around the classroom (where they were placed for after-school English class), playing with all of the fun toys that they didn’t have in their normal classroom, ignoring everything that I said to them, and attempting to potty train (unsuccessfully). It wasn’t pretty.

I think every class ended up looking like this:

Copyright blogs.kqed.org

Almost three years and lots of experience with ESL young learners later, I realized that the children weren’t at fault for the pandemonium created weekly in that room. We, the teachers, failed to set up a routine, a plan, something that their two-year old little minds could process, memorize, and repeat.

One of the most important tools in your bag with young learners (1-5 years old) is using a strict routine!

One of your goals should be to start each class the same way. Here are a few examples of how you start the class:

• You bring the child(ren) into the classroom environment, not let them enter willy-nilly.
• Make a habit from day one of hanging up jackets, bags, umbrellas, etc., on a coat rack near the door. (You can also use cubby holes or chairs for this purpose.)
• Then, have everyone sit down in whatever fashion you see best.
• If you are in a school environment with older children, you can call the roll. This indicates that it’s time to get started!
• Open the class the same way. I like to use this song:

Similarly, you will end each class the same way.

• Reward your students for their great attention with a prize (a sticker on the hand, a little spot with children’s make-up on the hand, playing together with bubbles, etc.).
• You can use the same song each day to indicate that it’s time to say goodbye, clean up, and take their jackets.
• Wait for them to all get ready and then stand by the door.
• Ask them to say “Open, please!” and then open the door and look for their parents.

Eventually, even your lesson plans will develop into a routine that they can follow! By having them all enter the room at the same time, greet one another in the same way, and using visual or audio clues as to what’s happening in the classroom (hello or goodbye!), it will help your classroom management go from zero to hero!

If only I had known this when I first started with young learners…..